Thue Section 232 ve dong ve lai chi phi tong cua thanh dan: nguoi mua nen lam gi

Dieu gi thay doi ngay 6 thang 4 nam 2026

Tuyen bo duoc ky ngay 2 thang 4 nam 2026 va co hieu luc ngay 6 thang 4 da tai cau truc cach xu ly Section 232 doi voi thep, nhom va dong. San pham dong ban thanh pham, bang, thanh, soi va tam, chuyen len bac 50 phan tram, trong khi mot phan rong hang dan xuat nhu cum dong gia cong va lop phu o muc 25 phan tram. Hai chi tiet quan trong hon chinh thue suat. Thu nhat, thue tinh tren gia tri hai quan day du cua hang nhap khau chu khong chi gia tri kim loai chua ben trong, mot thay doi cau truc doi voi mot cum nhu thanh dan cach dien, gia tri bao gom cach dien, lop phu va gia cong. Thu hai, mot ngoai le giam thue xuong 10 phan tram cho thiet bi cong nghiep va san pham ho tro luoi chua nguyen lieu duoc luyen tu lo luyen chung chi My, va nhieu hang muc thanh phan nang luong sach o muc 20 phan tram.

Voi mot thanh dan cach dien, doc thuc te la thanh dan san xuat tai Trung Quoc tu dong Trung Quoc vao My voi 25-50 phan tram tuy theo phan loai hang, trong khi cung thanh dan do duoc lam tu dong cua lo luyen chung chi My co the vao voi 10 phan tram. Chenh lech thue du lon de tai cau truc quyet dinh nguon cung.

Vi sao thanh dan dong truc tiep bi anh huong

Thanh dan co ham luong dong cao theo thiet ke. Mot thanh dan cach dien 1000A voi dong C11000-ETP chua nhieu kilogram kim loai, va kim loai la phan lon chi phi vat lieu cua san pham. Khi co so tinh thue la gia tri hai quan day du, viec cach dien va gia cong dau noi dong thue nhu mot phan cua hang, mot nen kinh te khac voi thue tren dong tho. Su thay the dong so voi nhom cung thay doi: thanh dan nhom voi muc thue thap hon tro nen hap dan cho cac mach dien khong quan trong, du dien tro suat cao hon va tiet dien lon hon gioi han noi no co the thay the.

Su phoi nhiem thu hai la phan loai. Soi dong, cum dong hoac cum con thanh dan co the nam o cac dong HTS khac nhau voi muc thue khac nhau, va phan loai sai la rui ro thue roi len nguoi nhap khau. Nguoi mua nam 2026 chi tien that cho ky thuat hai quan: xac nhan ma HTS dung, xuat xu kim loai va chung chi lo luyen truoc container dau tien.

Ngoai le 10 phan tram cho kim loai chung chi

Dieu khoan he qua nhat voi nguoi mua thanh dan la muc thue giam cho hang chua nguyen lieu luyen tu lo chung chi My. De du dieu kien, dong (hoac nhom, hoac thep) cua san pham phai truy vet toi mot lo luyen trong dang ky chung chi cua chuong trinh Section 232. Dieu do chuyen cuoc tro chuyen voi nha cung cap tu nuoc nao ban san xuat sang lo luyen nao cung cap bang cua ban. Lua chon nha san xuat thanh dan gio bao gom buoc kiem toan chuoi cung ung khong ton tai nam 2024.

Kiem toan khong de: chung chi ap dung o cap kim loai, nen nha san xuat mua bang chung chi cho mot dong san pham va khong chung chi cho dong khac phai tach kho va giu vet lieu. Nha may cua chung toi tai Nhat Chieu duy tri chung chi bang dong theo lo va dinh kem nguon lo luyen vao moi ho so tu mau den hang loat. Nguoi mua phai yeu cau tai lieu nay trong RFQ, khong phai sau lan giao dau tien.

Chi phi tong: so sanh thuc su

Thue chi la mot lop cua chi phi tong. Cuoc van chuyen, bao hiem, phi dai ly va chi phi kho hang trong thoi gian thong quan chat len tren. Khi co so tinh thue mo rong toi gia tri hai quan day du, so sanh giua nhap thanh dan hoan chinh va nhap dong de san xuat noi dia nghieng han ve phuong an sau doi voi OEM My. Nhieu nha san xuat inverter va pin EV da cong bo dieu chinh chuoi cung ung sau thang 4, va mo hinh nhat quan: giu lap rap cuoi gan khach hang, nhap dong chung chi va mua thanh dan dien tu cong suat tho tu nha san xuat co the xuat ban thanh pham o bac thue thap nhat.

Chien luoc nay co ma sat, cac day chuyen cach dien noi dia, xuong lop phu va doi ngu kiem tra khong mien phi, nhung phep tinh dung o quy mo. Voi nguoi mua nho hon, lua chon thuc te la thuong luong bao gia chi phi tong: yeu cau nha cung cap thanh dan tinh DDP voi vi tri thue duoc xac dinh, hoac cau truc ban hang thanh hoa don kim loai va gia cong rieng.

Dieu khoan RFQ nen them nam 2026

RFQ nam 2026 khong phai RFQ nam 2024 cua ban. Them dieu khoan thue an dinh ai chiu chi phi Section 232 neu muc thue thay doi giua bao gia va van chuyen, dieu khoan xuat xu kim loai yeu cau chung chi lo luyen va tuyen bo phan loai HTS cua nha cung cap. Huong dan danh gia nha cung cap cua chung toi da duoc cap nhat voi cac dieu khoan nay va ma tran cham diem can nhan minh bach chuoi cung ung canh gia va thoi gian.

Thay doi thu hai la cau truc bao gia. Bao gia co dinh 12 thang ngay cang hiem trong san pham nhieu dong; nha cung cap chuyen sang cong thuc chi so theo kim loai hoac cua so gia. Mot bao gia thanh dan ca nhan hoa nam 2026 phai khai ngay tham chieu LME, nguon lo luyen va gia dinh thue; neu nha cung cap khong neu duoc ca ba, bao gia do khong the so sanh voi bao gia lam duoc.

Chung chi lo luyen va tai lieu

Dang ky chung chi la su that nen tang cua ngoai le, va co he qua ve sau. Mot OEM My mua thanh dan tu nha san xuat Trung Quoc phai xac minh rang bang dong cua thanh dan den tu lo luyen chung chi; nha san xuat phai truy vet lo bang den chung chi cuon; va nguoi nhap khau phai giu vet lieu trong ba nam, vi kiem toan hai quan nhin ve qua khu.

Vi vay chung toi phat hanh chung chi theo lo voi moi lan giao thanh dan pin va thanh dan dien tu cong suat: dai ly cua nguoi mua can nguon lo luyen de yeu cau muc thue giam. Neu nha cung cap cua ban khong the xuat chung chi cuon voi ma so lo luyen, hay dinh muc muc thue day du 50/25 va lap ngan sach tuong ung.

Thue tac dong den chuong trinh EV va lu tru nhu the nao

Pin EV, rack lu tru va tu inverter deu chua thanh dan cach dien, va ca ba chuong trinh deu nhay cam voi thue tai thi truong My. Mot OEM EV lap ke hoach nen tang 2027 co the hap thu thue, noi dia hoa thanh dan hoac tai thiet ke. Chuong trinh lu tru con phoi nhiem hon vi ham luong thanh dan DC-link lu tru tren moi MWh la co dinh va thi truong canh tranh o cap container.

Do bay tai thiet ke co thuc nhung cham. Chuyen tu dong sang dan nhom hoac hon hop thay doi ngan sach nhiet va tro khang, va chu ky dinh chat keo dai nhieu quy, khong phai tuan. Voi giao hang nam 2026, tro choi thuc te la nguon cung va phan loai; voi chuong trinh 2027, ca hai do bay deu tren ban.

Bac nang luong sach: muc 20 phan tram

Nhieu hang muc thanh phan nang luong sach roi vao muc 20 phan tram thay vi muc dan xuat day du, bao gom lu tru noi luoi va mot so cum con inverter. Lieu thanh dan cach dien co du dieu kien hay khong phu thuoc vao muc dich su dung va tuyen bo: thanh dan gui nhu hang roi rac cho cong nghiep chung duoc xu ly khac voi thanh dan nam trong cum nang luong sach chung chi. Ranh gioi giua thanh phan va hang la noi cac quyet dinh hai quan nam 2026 duoc viet ra.

Nguoi mua khong nen tu chung nhan. Mot quyet dinh rang buoc hoac yeu cau ruling qua tu van la duong an toan, va nha cung cap gui hang toi thi truong My phai cap nhat du lieu kiem tra ho tro phan loai: thanh phan vat lieu, chuc nang va tai lieu san pham mo ta muc dich su dung. Chung toi duy tri ho so nay cho tuan thu xuat khau qua cac thi truong, chinh vi cac cau hoi phan loai tai dien lien tuc.

Thiet bi gio va inverter dang xem xet

Phan quyet Section 232 da mo rong trong thang 10 nam 2026 de bao gom turbin gio nhap khau, cac thanh phan cua chung va inverter chuyen doi nang luong gio. Dieu do keo nhu cau thanh dan converter gio vao cung cuoc tro chuyen tuan thu: thanh dan DC-link cua gondola la thanh phan turbin, va xuat xu quoc gia va kim loai cua no gio co phoi nhiem thue.

Mo hinh o thep, nhom, dong va gio bay gio la giong nhau: My san sang dung chinh sach thuong mai de khuyen khich san xuat va luyen trong nuoc. Nha cung cap chung minh kim loai chung chi va xuat xu linh hoat tro thanh lua chon uu tien cho du an lien quan My; nha nao khong lam duoc se roi khoi cuoc dau thau canh tranh, du ky thuat tot den dau.

Can kiem tra gi truoc don hang tiep theo

Truoc don hang tiep theo, kiem tra bon dieu: phan loai HTS cua hang thanh dan; nguon lo luyen cua dong; san pham cuoi co du dieu kien bac nang luong sach hay bac kim loai chung chi khong; va gia dinh thue trong bao gia cua nha cung cap. Moi dieu co mot tai lieu, va moi tai lieu thay doi chi phi tong du de tinh o quy mo container. Huong dan mua hang cua chung toi liet ke bo tai lieu trong mot noi.

Lan kiem tra thu nam la tuan thu xuat khau cua chinh nha cung cap. Mot nha san xuat gui hang My nhieu nam co chung chi va logic phan loai san sang; nguoi moi den hoc theo lich cua rieng minh, va lich do la cai dat tien. Hay yeu cau tom tat tuan thu kem bao gia va ban se tach bat nhanh thi truong.

Thue co thay doi thiet ke thanh dan khong?

Phan lon thoi la khong: thue thay doi nguon cung, khong phai vat ly. Cung dong C11000, cung dielectric PET/Nomex/DLF va cung thiet ke tang 30 do phuc vu du an 2025 se phuc vu du an 2026. Dieu thay doi la kim loai den tu dau, hang duoc phan loai the nao va ai hap thu thue. Huong dan thiet ke khong can viet lai; cam nang mua hang thi co.

He qua thiet ke duy nhat la ap luc thay the do chi phi. Voi muc 50 phan tram duy tri tren hang dong, OEM se mo lai cuoc tro chuyen dong so voi nhom cho mach khong quan trong va yeu cau tinh lai ampacity o dong cao hon. Chung toi ky vong cuoc tro chuyen thanh dan nhom tang trong 2027, khong thay the dong noi dien tro suat va khong gian quan trong.

Ky thuat thue quan: phan loai HTS trong thuc tien

Phan loai la buoc dau tien va ky thuat nhat cua ky thuat thue quan. Mot bang dong vao duoi mot dong HTS, mot cum thanh dan da ma va gia cong duoi mot dong khac, va mot thanh dan hoan chinh ban nhu mot phan cua bo inverter duoi dong thu ba. Su khac biet giua cac dong thuong la mot hoac hai diem phan tram tren muc co ban, nhung duoi cau truc 2026, khoang cach giua cac tang ban thanh pham va dan xuat la 25 diem, du lon de mot dong phan loai sai ton kem hon cuoc van chuyen.

Ky luat bat dau tu dinh nghia san pham. Nha nhap khau va nha cung ung nen thong nhat mo ta hang hoa, thanh phan vat lieu, chuc nang va dong thue quan truoc hoa don proforma dau tien. Chung toi duy tri tai lieu tham chieu HTS cho cac dong san pham thanh dan laminate da lop va cum thanh dan han de nguoi mua co the dua cho dai ly hai quan mot diem xuat phat co the bao ve thay vi mot su phong doan. Mot dai ly voi mo ta ro rang khai bao nhanh hon va tranh tranh chap hon.

Incoterms va cau truc chia se thue

Ai tra thue Section 232 la cau hoi thuong mai, nhung cau truc quyet dinh dieu do. Bao gia FOB dat thue va rui ro hai quan len nguoi mua; bao gia DDP bat nha cung ung ganh chung, va nha cung ung se tinh rui ro vao gia. Con duong giua cua 2026 la cau truc chia: nha cung ung bao gia hang ex-works, xac dinh dong thue quan va muc gia dinh, va dai ly cua nguoi mua xac nhan phan loai va tra thue khi hang den. Nhu vay khong ben nao bao gia mu quang.

Cau truc thu hai tach hoa don kim loai va gia cong. Neu nha cung ung thanh dan xuat bang dong chung nhan nhu mot mat hang va dich vu gia cong (laminate, ma, gia cong) nhu mot dich vu, gia tri hai quan phan anh thanh phan thay vi gia lap rap gon. Do la lua chon cau truc hop phap khi kim loai va gia cong thuc su tach rieng, va no giam co so tinh thue mot cach thuc chat. Huong dan danh gia nha cung ung cua chung toi bao gom danh sach kiem tra de danh gia cac de xuat nhu vay.

Cac lua chon nguon cung: bang chung nhan va laminate noi dia

Cau tra loi ben vung nhat cho thue quan la di chuyen kim loai. Cac nha san xuat thanh dan co the mua bang dong chung nhan cho cac don hang huong den My, giu rieng khoi cac lo khac va dinh kem chung nhan nha may luyen kim vao kien xuat khau, bien mot muc phoi nhiem 50% thanh 10% cho cac mat hang du dieu kien. Dieu do thay doi tieu chi chon nha cung ung: kha nang cua nha san xuat tim nguon va truy vet kim loai chung nhan gio la nang luc thuong mai, khong phai ghi chu tuan thu.

Lua chon thu hai la ban thanh pham: xuat mot phei laminate det (gia tri thap hon, tang thue thap hon) va gia cong dau noi tai doi tac My. No them mot chuoi cung ung thu hai va mot lan dinh chung thu hai, nhung cung them tinh linh hoat ma viec mua hang thanh pham thuan tuy khong co. Cac OEM van hanh ca hai lan, thanh dan hoan chinh cho du an nhanh, ban thanh pham cho khoi luong chuong trinh, co the phong ma nguoi mua mot lan khong co. Hay trao doi voi doi ngu thanh dan tuy chinh cua chung toi ve cac lua chon lan ban thanh pham.

Thoi diem dat hang va chien luoc ton kho

Chinh sach thue quan van dong theo lich trinh chinh tri, khong phai lich trinh mua hang, va 2026 da chung minh rang mot sac lenh co the thay doi kinh te cua mot container giua chung duong van chuyen. Nguoi mua phan ung bang cua so bao gia ngan hon, gia lien ket chi so kim loai va ton kho an toan tai diem nhap khau. Bao gia gia co dinh 90 ngay bao ve nguoi mua khi chi so dong va muc thue van nam trong cac bang da thoa thuan; ngoai ra, rui ro nam ve mot ben, va hop dong phai noi ro ben nao.

Chien luoc ton kho la cong cu tho: dat hang truoc mot dot thay doi muc gia da cong bo va giu ba thang ton kho thanh dan tai kho My la nuoc coi pho bien cua 2026, nhung no dong von va gia dinh muc gia duy tri. Cong cu sac hon la dieu khoan cua so gia, khi ca hai ben chap nhan mot cong thuc dieu chinh xac dinh thay vi thuong luong lai. Trang mua sam tu mau den hang loat cua chung toi de cap cach cac dieu khoan nay tuong tac voi thoi gian prototyp.

Ngoai My: CBAM va cac che do song song

Section 232 cua My khong phai la che do thue quan duy nhat tai dinh hinh lai chuoi cung ung thanh dan trong 2026. Co che dieu chinh bien gioi carbon cua EU (CBAM) ap dung cho nhom va, tu giai doan chuyen tiep 2027, cho cac hang hoa nhieu dong, yeu cau nha nhap khau khai bao luong phat thai nhung. Nguoi mua phuc vu ca hai thi truong gio can hai goi du lieu: nguon goc nha may luyen kim cho My va phat thai moi tan cho EU. Bai viet ve quy dinh pin EU cua chung toi de cap phia pin cua chong tuan thu nay.

Bai hoc thuc tien la truy vet kim loai dang tro thanh xuong song dung chung cua tuan thu thuong mai o moi noi, nguon goc cho My, carbon cho EU, khong xung dot va ham luong tai che cho khach hang kiem toan ESG. Mot nha cung ung thanh dan giu so lieu kim loai theo lo se dap ung tat ca cac che do nay voi cung mot tai lieu. Do la su thay doi cau truc am tham dang sau on ao thue quan 2026, va no thuong cho cac nha cung ung xem chung nhan nhu du lieu san pham, khong phai giay to.

Boi canh thi truong dong cuoi 2026

Dong LME da trai qua 2026 dao dong quanh cac muc lam cho moi kilogram kim loai thanh dan thanh mot khoan ngan sach. Giua cac thong bao thue quan, tin tuc nguon cung nha may luyen kim va lan toa luu tru, cac bien dong hang thang vai phan tram tro thanh thong le. Voi nguoi mua, hau qua thuc tien la ham luong kim loai cua mot bao gia thanh dan pin co the dao dong manh hon bien lai san xuat trong mot quy duy nhat, chinh la ly do cac don hang khung gia co dinh cho cum nhieu dong dang bien mat khoi thi truong.

Bien phap doi pho la minh bach, khong phai choi the phong thu. Mot bao gia neu ro ngay tham chieu LME, ham luong dong tinh bang kilogram va cong thuc chi so cho phep nguoi mua so sanh cac nha cung ung dua tren gia tri san xuat thay vi dau co kim loai. Huong dan gia dong cua chung toi di qua cac dinh dang dieu khoan chi so chung toi thay trong thuc tien, tu chuyen tiep don gian den cac bang co tran, va cach moi loai dich chuyen rui ro giua nguoi mua va nha cung ung.

FAQ: thue va mua thanh dan

Thanh dan cach dien la dong ban thanh pham hay dan xuat? Phu thuoc hang va muc dich su dung; phan lon cum gia cong/lop phu nam o bac dan xuat, va phan loai can duoc xac nhan theo san pham. Muc thue kim loai chung chi co ap dung cho san pham cua nha san xuat Trung Quoc khong? Co, neu bang dong truy vet toi lo luyen chung chi My va tai lieu ho tro. Toi co nen hoan don hang cho den khi chinh sach on dinh? Chinh sach se tiep tuc thay doi; hay cau truc don hang voi dieu khoan thue de ca hai ben chia se bat dinh. Lam sao co bao gia tuan thu? Yeu cau bang van ban ngay tham chieu LME, nguon lo luyen va gia dinh thue. Lien he doi ngu thu mua cua chung toi de co bao gia chi phi tong.